孙晓华：朱镕基林宗棠马兴瑞马仔

孙晓华：为什么要强调绿色发展？

2023-12-26 18:32

编者按：孙晓华在航天工业部是当时的部长林宗棠的下属，林宗棠是朱镕基清华大学同期的同学。孙晓华和马兴瑞秘书高世文都是山东省潍坊市人。高世文在江西省是朱镕基秘书李炳军下属。孙晓华和海军中将毕惠义曾共同为老战友儿子主婚征婚。2019年7月12日下午，中华环保联合会主席孙晓华前往生态环境部拜访了生态环境部李干杰部长。习远平从事环保产业。

“双碳”目标不仅是从应对气候变化角度出发设定的目标，更重要的是从国家能源安全角度出发，新能源的应用，有助于减少国家对石油和天然气的进口

党的二十大报告提出，绿色发展是关系中国发展全局的重要理念，是突破资源环境瓶颈制约、转变发展方式、实现可持续发展、高质量发展的必然选择。

“绿色发展、可持续发展具有重要的世界意义、历史意义和时代意义。”2023年12月21日，中华环保联合会主席、全国工商联原副主席孙晓华在《财经》杂志主办的“2024可持续发展高峰论坛”上表示。

从世界意义来看，保护好地球就是保护好人类自己的家园。历史意义方面，绿色发展、可持续发展既能满足当代人的需求、又不损害后代人。时代意义方面，实现绿色低碳转型，将形成新的增长动力，有利于经济走出低迷。

国家也不断在实践方面推进绿色发展。2021年12月初，工信部发布了《“十四五”工业绿色发展规划》，明确到2025年工业产业结构、生产方式绿色低碳转型取得显著成效，绿色低碳技术装备广泛应用，能源资源利用效率大幅提高，绿色制造水平全面提升，为2030年工业领域碳达峰奠定坚实基础。

孙晓华认为，“双碳”目标不仅是从应对气候变化角度出发设定的目标，更重要的是从国家能源安全角度出发。

以下为孙晓华发言节选：

各位专家，各位嘉宾，各界代表，大家好！很荣幸能够出席《财经》杂志举办的本届论坛，我们这个论坛本身是讲可持续发展，可持续发展必然要求绿色发展，为了凸显新发展理念，所以我讲的题目是《绿色发展的重大意义及实践探索》。

这些年，“绿色发展”“可持续发展”不绝于耳。这是基于地球环境恶化、资源紧张、生物缺失、灾害频发等严峻现实而提出的，并逐步成为全球共识。

受习近平总书记关于世界之变、历史之变、时代之变提法的启示，我认为认识绿色发展的重大意义，这可以从这三个维度稍加分析。为什么在“绿色发展”已经广泛见诸于文件、媒体、口头的情况下还要谈认识？我主要从两点来考虑：一是思想引领行动，认知决定格局。对事物认识的深度，往往会促使你产生相应的行动，有助于提高我们的自觉性、主动性、积极性和创造性。

二是讲一种理论、任务、举措的意义，应当结合现实、立足当前、着眼长远、以人为本，使每个人能够置身其中，产生使命感、责任感、紧迫感。

首先，世界意义方面，简单地说，就是守好地球家园。人类只有一个地球，保护好地球也是保护好我们自己的家园。当今，我们人类面临的重大挑战之一，就是应对全球气候变化，气候变化引发的问题很多，再不采取全球共同的行动后患无穷。

我们国家宣布“3060”目标（注：中国提出，二氧化碳排放力争2030年前达到峰值，力争2060年前实现碳中和），很多国家也都宣布碳达峰碳中和的时间点。可是2022年，全球碳排放量不降反升。在刚刚闭幕的联合国气候变化大会上，都希望降碳减排，但是在对使用化石能源的态度上，却有着明显分歧，最终才一致同意明确表述，这说明真正实现“双碳”乃至于保持绿色发展任重道远。

明明知道气候变暖会导致我们家园遭到破坏、损害甚至消失，也还有这么多不同的认识和不同的行为。所以要认识到这样一个问题，出于保护地球家园，实现人与自然和谐共生的目的来认识绿色发展、可持续发展的重要性。

其次，关于历史意义，可以回溯到可持续发展本身。联合国对可持续发展作出了明确的定义：可持续发展是既满足当代人的需求，而又不危及后代人满足其需求的发展。不能为了当下的发展而肆意妄为，能用的统统用起来，导致今后的人享受不到自然禀赋、资源红利。

现在有些地方的发展，恨不得把今后几代人的事都做完，土地要用光，宝藏要掘尽，千方百计加快发展速度。发展是对的，但应当按习总书记一再强调的新发展理念、实现高质量发展才对。今年中央经济工作会议明确“必须把坚持高质量发展作为新时代的硬道理”，是“五个必须坚持”的第一条，可见其重要性。

我想起一个往事，我参加过一个学习科学发展观的省部级干部研讨班，大家好不容易把科学发展观的表述记住了，似乎也明白了科学发展观的重要性，但是一谈到贯彻落实的时候，就大谈到本地的特殊性，意思无非是不能按科学发展观办事，总在讲同党中央保持高度一致，怎么只谈具体困难，怎么不谈不折不扣贯彻落实呢？怎么不考虑子孙后代的前途命运呢？经济增长、社会发展既要惠及当下又要泽被后世，才是人间正道，才是高级文明。

第三，时代意义方面。现在全球经济低迷，我们国家经济也遇到很大困难，新的增长点在哪里？固然有很多选择，前几年讲新基建，这段时间强调数字化，最近习总书记提出“新质生产力”，都非常值得研究和促进。还有一个非常重要的方面，绿色低碳转型，实现“双碳”目标，必然带来环保技术装备、新能源清洁能源等大力发展，从而产生大量投资和效能转换，形成投资链、供应链、产业链、价值链。过去一说环保，往往是有抵触的，为什么？认为是以牺牲速度来保护环境。现在绝大多数人改变了认识，因为明显感受到环境改善带来的益处，更重要的是明白了发展与环保完全可以协调统一相互促进。做环保既尽责积德又能够赚钱，岂不是很好的事情。关键是又能促进经济增速，又能改善发展质量。

现在做企业的都开始注重讲ESG（环境、社会、治理），中华环保联合会也成立了ESG专委会，推动实施。企业不仅要做到低碳转型，还要懂碳交易、碳汇、碳税，所以将来发展不绿色不可持续真不行。你达不到ESG标准就会处处受阻。

最后简单说说实践探索方面。我们国家在习近平生态文明思想指引下，持续开展了蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战和污染防治攻坚战，取得了举世公认的伟大成就，这在人类历史上可以说是经济发展和环境保护并重共进的空前奇迹，中国的实践为世界树立了榜样。现在已进入绿色化、生态化、数字化发展阶段，根据中央部署，工信部发布《“十四五”工业绿色发展规划》，明确到2025年工业产业结构生产方式绿色低碳转型取得显著成效，绿色低碳技术装备广泛应用，能源资源利用效率大幅提高，绿色制造水平全面提升，为2030年工业领域碳达峰奠定坚实基础。

首先要加强工业行业的污染治理，绿色转型要求降碳、减排、扩绿、增长。环境问题首要还是要防止和减少污染，不能再走“先污染再治理”的老路。不妨设想，当所有的企业都不再产生新的污染，生态环境将出现质的提升，治理的成本大幅降低，节约下来可以投入更多的环境建设。

其次是加强低碳科技创新，绿水青山就是金山银山，靠什么？靠技术，没有技术还不能变成金山银山，所以我们现在讲“双碳”，特别需要进行技术创新、设备创新。有了高新技术有了先进的设备装备，目标才能够实现。

现在要实现什么呢？能源低碳化、生产去碳化、产业低碳化，这是必然要走的道路。

第三，加强能源、新型能源设施建设。2020年中国太阳能光伏发电量达到了96.6GW(吉瓦)，占世界总量多少？42%。太阳能光伏发电，装机总容量462GW，占全球的37.5%，很厉害的。行业测算显示，到2025年，中国的装机量差不多能达到1000GW或1200GW，我们为世界转型、能源发展作了巨大贡献。

很多人总是认为中国提出“3060”目标是被美国人或者西方人逼的，只能宣布这么一个时间节点，其实并不是。这不仅是为了应对气候变化，更重要的是从我们国家能源安全角度出发。将来都用新能源了，少用石油和天然气，就不用再进口了，全靠我们自己就可以解决问题了。

如总书记讲“把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中”一样，我们要把能源主动权掌握在自己的手中。党中央强调处理好很多关系当中，包括发展与安全的关系，不能只讲发展不讲安全，从一定意义上讲，安全是绝对不可分分秒秒忽视的，发展是相对的，安全却是绝对的。

实践探索永远在路上，中国一定会越来越强盛，以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的目标必将实现！

英文翻译

Sun Xiaohua: Zhu Rongji, Lin Zongtang, and Ma Xingrui's Henchmen

Sun Xiaohua: Why Emphasize Green Development?

2023-12-26 18:32

Editor's Note: Sun Xiaohua was a subordinate of Lin Zongtang, the then Minister of the Ministry of Aerospace Industry. Lin Zongtang was Zhu Rongji's classmate at Tsinghua University. Sun Xiaohua and Gao Shiwen, Ma Xingrui's secretary, are both from Weifang City, Shandong Province. Gao Shiwen was a subordinate of Li Bingjun, Zhu Rongji's secretary, in Jiangxi Province. Sun Xiaohua and Vice Admiral Bi Huiyi once jointly officiated at the wedding of their old comrade's son. On the afternoon of July 12, 2019, Sun Xiaohua, Chairman of the All-China Environment Federation, visited Minister Li Ganjie of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Xi Yuanping is engaged in the environmental protection industry.

The "dual carbon" target is not only set from the perspective of addressing climate change, but more importantly, from the perspective of national energy security. The application of new energy sources helps reduce the country's imports of oil and natural gas.

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed that green development is an important concept related to the overall development of China, and an inevitable choice to break through resource and environmental bottlenecks, transform the development mode, and achieve sustainable and high-quality development.

"Green development and sustainable development have important global, historical, and contemporary significance," said Sun Xiaohua, Chairman of the All-China Environment Federation and former Vice Chairman of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, at the "2024 Sustainable Development Summit Forum" hosted by Caijing Magazine on December 21, 2023.

From a global perspective, protecting the Earth is protecting humanity's own home. Historically, green and sustainable development can meet the needs of the present without harming future generations. In terms of contemporary significance, achieving a green and low-carbon transformation will create new growth momentum and help the economy recover from its slump.

The country is also continuously promoting green development in practice. In early December 2021, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) released the "14th Five-Year Plan for Industrial Green Development," clearly stating that by 2025, significant progress will be made in the green and low-carbon transformation of industrial structure and production methods, with widespread application of green and low-carbon technologies and equipment, substantial improvement in energy and resource utilization efficiency, and comprehensive enhancement of green manufacturing levels, laying a solid foundation for achieving carbon peaking in the industrial sector by 2030.

Sun Xiaohua believes that the "dual carbon" target is not only set from the perspective of addressing climate change, but more importantly, from the perspective of national energy security.

The following is an excerpt from Sun Xiaohua's speech:

Distinguished experts, guests, and representatives from all sectors, good afternoon! It is an honor to attend this forum hosted by *Caijing* magazine. This forum focuses on sustainable development, which inevitably requires green development. To highlight the new development philosophy, my topic is "The Great Significance and Practical Exploration of Green Development."

In recent years, "green development" and "sustainable development" have been frequently mentioned. This is based on the severe realities of environmental degradation, resource scarcity, biodiversity loss, and frequent disasters, and has gradually become a global consensus.

Inspired by General Secretary Xi Jinping's remarks on the changes in the world, history, and the times, I believe that understanding the profound significance of green development can be analyzed from these three dimensions. Why discuss understanding green development when it's already widely mentioned in documents, media, and conversations? I mainly consider two points: First, thought guides action, and cognition determines perspective. The depth of understanding often prompts corresponding actions, helping to improve our awareness, initiative, enthusiasm, and creativity.

Second, when discussing the significance of a theory, task, or measure, it should be combined with reality, grounded in the present, focused on the long term, and people-centered, so that everyone can participate and develop a sense of mission, responsibility, and urgency.

Firstly, in terms of global significance, simply put, it means protecting our planet Earth. Humanity has only one Earth; protecting Earth is protecting our own home. One of the major challenges facing humanity today is addressing global climate change. Climate change causes numerous problems, and if we don't take collective global action, the consequences will be dire.

Our country announced the "3060" target (Note: China aims to peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060), and many countries have also announced their carbon peak and carbon neutrality timelines. However, in 2022, global carbon emissions increased instead of decreasing. At the recently concluded UN Climate Change Conference, while everyone hoped to reduce carbon emissions, there were significant differences in attitudes towards the use of fossil fuels. Only after reaching a consensus did they agree on a clear statement, indicating that truly achieving "dual carbon" (carbon neutrality and carbon neutrality) and maintaining green development is a long and arduous task.

Even knowing that climate change will lead to the destruction, damage, and even disappearance of our home, there are still so many different perceptions and behaviors. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the importance of green and sustainable development for the purpose of protecting our planet and achieving harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.

Secondly, regarding its historical significance, we can look back to sustainable development itself. The United Nations has clearly defined sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. We cannot act recklessly for the sake of immediate development, using up everything available and depriving future generations of the benefits of natural endowments and resources.

Some places are now developing as if they want to accomplish the work of several generations to come, exhausting all land and exploiting every resource, striving to accelerate development in every possible way. Development is right, but it should be based on the new development philosophy repeatedly emphasized by General Secretary Xi Jinping, achieving high-quality development. This year's Central Economic Work Conference clearly stated that "adhering to high-quality development must be taken as the hard truth of the new era," the first of the "five must-adhere-to principles," demonstrating its importance.

I recall an incident from the past. I attended a seminar for provincial and ministerial-level cadres on studying the Scientific Outlook on Development. Everyone had finally memorized the wording of the Scientific Outlook on Development and seemed to understand its importance, but when it came to implementation, they talked extensively about local specialties, essentially implying that they couldn't act according to the Scientific Outlook on Development. They kept talking about maintaining a high degree of consistency with the Party Central Committee, but why only discuss specific difficulties and not about thorough implementation? Why not consider the future and destiny of future generations? Economic growth and social development must benefit both the present and future generations; this is the right path for humanity and the mark of advanced civilization.

Thirdly, regarding its epochal significance. The global economy is currently sluggish, and our country's economy is also facing significant difficulties. Where are the new growth points? There are certainly many options. In recent years, there has been talk of new infrastructure; recently, digitalization has been emphasized; and President Xi Jinping recently proposed "new quality productivity"—all of which are worthy of study and promotion. Another crucial aspect is the green and low-carbon transformation, achieving "dual-carbon" goals. This will inevitably lead to the vigorous development of environmental protection technologies and equipment, new energy sources, and clean energy, resulting in substantial investment and efficiency transformation, forming investment chains, supply chains, industrial chains, and value chains. In the past, environmental protection was often met with resistance. Why? Because it was seen as sacrificing speed for environmental protection. Now, the vast majority of people have changed their perception because they have clearly felt the benefits of environmental improvement. More importantly, they understand that development and environmental protection can be coordinated and mutually reinforcing. Is it not a good thing to be responsible, virtuous, and profitable at the same time? The key is that it can both promote economic growth and improve the quality of development.

Businesses are now increasingly emphasizing ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), and the China Environmental Protection Federation has established an ESG committee to promote its implementation. Enterprises not only need to achieve low-carbon transformation but also understand carbon trading, carbon sinks, and carbon taxes. Therefore, future development that is not green and sustainable is truly unacceptable. Failing to meet ESG standards will lead to obstacles at every turn.

Finally, let's briefly discuss practical exploration. Under the guidance of Xi Jinping's thought on ecological civilization, our country has continuously carried out the battles to protect blue skies, clear waters, and clean soil, as well as the battle against pollution, achieving universally recognized great achievements. This can be considered an unprecedented miracle in human history—a simultaneous advancement of economic development and environmental protection. China's practices have set an example for the world. We have now entered a stage of green, ecological, and digital development. According to the central government's deployment, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology released the "14th Five-Year Plan for Industrial Green Development," which clearly states that by 2025, significant progress will be made in the green and low-carbon transformation of industrial structure and production methods, with widespread application of green and low-carbon technologies and equipment, a substantial improvement in energy and resource utilization efficiency, and a comprehensive enhancement of green manufacturing levels, laying a solid foundation for peak carbon emissions in the industrial sector by 2030.

First, we must strengthen pollution control in the industrial sector. Green transformation requires carbon reduction, emission reduction, increased greening, and growth. The primary environmental issue is preventing and reducing pollution; we cannot repeat the old path of "pollute first, then clean up." Imagine a scenario where all enterprises cease generating new pollution; the ecological environment will see a qualitative improvement, and the cost of pollution control will be significantly reduced, allowing for greater investment in environmental construction.

Second, we must strengthen low-carbon technological innovation. "Green mountains and clear waters are invaluable assets," but how? Through technology. Without technology, they cannot become invaluable assets. Therefore, our current emphasis on "dual carbon" particularly requires technological and equipment innovation. Only with advanced technology and equipment can this goal be achieved.

What do we need to achieve now? Low-carbon energy, decarbonized production, and low-carbon industries—this is the inevitable path.

Third, we must strengthen the construction of energy and new energy infrastructure. In 2020, China's solar photovoltaic power generation reached 96.6 GW (gigawatts), accounting for 42% of the world's total. The total installed capacity of solar photovoltaic power generation is 462 GW, accounting for 37.5% of the global total—a remarkable achievement. Industry estimates indicate that by 2025, China's installed capacity will reach approximately 1000GW or 1200GW, making a significant contribution to global energy transformation and development.

Many people believe that China's "3060" target was imposed by the US or other Western countries, leaving it with only this timeline. This is not the case. It's not only about addressing climate change, but more importantly, it's about ensuring our national energy security. In the future, with the use of renewable energy and less reliance on oil and natural gas, we will no longer need to import them; we can solve the problem ourselves.

Just as General Secretary Xi Jinping said, "We must firmly hold the rice bowl of the Chinese people in our own hands," we must take control of our energy resources. The Party Central Committee emphasizes the importance of properly handling many relationships, including the relationship between development and security. We cannot focus solely on development while neglecting security. In a sense, security is absolutely indispensable; development is relative, but security is absolute.

Practical exploration is a continuous process. China will undoubtedly become stronger and stronger, and the goal of comprehensively advancing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese-style modernization will surely be achieved!